At SW Hosting, we are committed to providing educational and useful content for all server administrators. In this guide, we share with you some of the most essential Linux commands that can help you optimise the administration of your servers.
Get the most out of your project with the fastest disks and most powerful CPUs in the Cloud.
File management is one of the most basic but essential tasks when working with servers. With these commands you can browse, copy or move files efficiently.
ls: Lists the contents of a directory. It is essential for exploring your file system.
ls -l
The -l option displays details such as permissions, owners and file sizes.
cd: Change directory.
cd /route/from/directory
cp: Copying files or directories from one location to another.
cp file.txt /route/destination
mv: Move or rename files.
mv file.txt /new/route
rm: Delete files or directories. Use with caution
rm file.txt
find: Searches for files or directories within the system.
find /route -name "file.txt"
These commands will allow you to efficiently manage the files within your server, which is essential for maintaining organisation and performance.
Managing users and permissions correctly is essential to maintaining the security of your server. Here are some key commands:
adduser and deluser: Add or delete users.
adduser nombre_usuario
deluser nombre_usuario
passwd: Change a user's password.
passwd name_user
chmod: Change file or directory permissions to ensure security.
chmod 755 file.txt
chown: Change the owner of a file or directory.
chown user:grup file.txt
To make sure your server is running properly, it is important to monitor its performance in real time. These commands will help you:
top: Displays running processes in real time.
top
htop: It is a more interactive version of top that allows you to manage processes in a more intuitive way.
df: Displays disk space usage.
df -h
du: Displays the size of a specific file or directory.
du -sh /route/of/directory
free: Displays memory usage.
free -h
These commands allow you to monitor system health to prevent potential performance problems before they become serious.
Efficient process management is vital to server stability. These commands will help you keep track of what is running:
ps: List the running processes.
ps aux
kill: Terminate a process using its PID.
kill 1234
killall: Terminate processes by name.
killall name_process
systemctl: Manages services on systems with systemd.
systemctl status service
Network connectivity is crucial to the operation of any server. Here are some useful commands for managing the network:
ping: Verify connectivity with another device.
ping www.google.com
netstat: Displays active network connections and their statistics.
netstat -tuln
curl: Make HTTP requests from the command line.
curl -I www.swhosting.com
scp: Securely copy files between servers.
scp file.txt user@server:/route/destination
Securing your server is essential. Use these commands to enforce security:
iptables: Manage firewall rules.
iptables -L
ssh: Remotely access another server.
ssh user@server
fail2ban: Protect your server against unauthorised access attempts.
fail2ban-client status
Task automation is key to managing servers efficiently:
crontab: Schedule automatic tasks.
crontab -e
bash: Run scripts to automate processes.
./script.sh
Get the most out of your project with the fastest disks and most powerful CPUs in the Cloud.
Mastering these commands will allow you to manage and secure your server more efficiently, resulting in better performance and increased security. At SW Hosting, we not only provide advanced platforms, but we are also committed to helping you get the most out of your resources. If you need further guidance or have any questions, our team of experts is here to help you optimise your infrastructure.
