What is Ubuntu? Guide to the O.S.

In the vast world of operating systems, Ubuntu shines as a singular star. But what exactly is Ubuntu, how does it compare to other popular operating systems, and why should you consider it for your next computing adventure? If you're ready to find out, join us on this journey to explore what makes Ubuntu so special.

What is Ubuntu?

At the heart of Ubuntu beats an open source Linux-based operating system. This distro, as it is commonly called, is developed by Canonical Ltd. and a vibrant community of enthusiasts around the world. The name ‘Ubuntu’ comes from an old South African word meaning ‘humanity towards others’. This philosophy of sharing and collaboration is reflected in the very nature of the operating system.

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Main features

1. Stability and security: Ubuntu is known for its robustness and security. Thanks to its Linux-based architecture, it is less vulnerable to viruses and malware compared to other operating systems.

2. Ease of use: Although historically Linux has been perceived as more technical, Ubuntu has made great strides in terms of usability. Its intuitive user interface and user-friendly tools have attracted users of all skill levels.

3. Free and open source software: One of the biggest advantages of Ubuntu is its open source model. This means that not only is it free to download and use, but you can also access and modify its source code to suit your needs.

4. Broad hardware compatibility: Ubuntu offers impressive compatibility with a wide range of hardware, making it ideal for both new and old computers.

5. Variety of flavours: In addition to the standard version of Ubuntu, there are different ‘flavours’ designed to suit different needs and preferences. These include Kubuntu (with the KDE desktop environment), Xubuntu (with Xfce), Lubuntu (with LXQt), among others.

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Getting Started in Ubuntu

1. Create Users and Assign Permissions:

Create a New User: Use the adduser command followed by the username to create a new user.

sudo adduser nuevo_usuario

Assign Sudo Permissions: To grant administrator or superuser (sudo) permissions to a user, add the user to the sudo group.

sudo usermod -aG sudo nuevo_usuario

Delete a User: If you need to delete a user, use the deluser command.

sudo deluser nombre_usuario

2. Text Editors:

Nano: This is a simple and easy to use text editor on the terminal.

nano nombre_archivo

• Save and Exit in Nano:
  1. When you have finished editing the file, press Ctrl + O to write the changes to the file.
  2. You will be asked to confirm the file name. Simply press Enter if you are satisfied with the current name.
  3. Then press Ctrl + X to exit Nano.

Vim: It is a powerful text editor with a steeper learning curve.

vim nombre_archivo

• Save and Exit in Vim:

  1. To save changes and exit Vim, first make sure you are in command mode by pressing the Esc key.
  2. Type :wq and then press Enter. This saves your changes and closes the file.
  3. If you just want to save the file without exiting Vim, you can use :w instead of :wq.

• Exit without Saving Changes:

  • If you want to exit Vim without saving your changes, you can use :q!. This will force exit without saving your changes.

3. Package Management:

Update Package List: Before installing new packages, update the list of available packages.

sudo apt update

Install a New Package: Use the apt install command followed by the package name to install the package.

sudo apt install nombre_paquete

Remove a Package: Use the apt remove command followed by the package name to remove the package.

sudo apt remove nombre_paquete

4. Network Configuration:

Static IP Configuration: Edit the /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml file and add the static network configuration.

network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    nombre_interfaz:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [dirección_IP/máscara_de_red]
      gateway4: dirección_gateway
      nameservers:
        addresses: [dirección_DNS_primaria, dirección_DNS_secundaria]

Apply Configuration: Apply configuration changes using the sudo netplan apply command.

Conclusion

This guide provides you with the basics of working with Ubuntu at the command line. As you become more familiar with the operating system, you will be able to explore and learn more about its advanced features and functionality. Enjoy exploring and experimenting with Ubuntu from the command line interface (CLI)!

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