Debian is a Linux operating system widely used on servers and workstations. As a Debian system administrator, it is essential to be familiar with the basic commands to perform maintenance, configuration and monitoring tasks. This manual will provide you with a practical guide to the essential commands that will allow you to efficiently administer and maintain a Debian system.
uname -a: Displays detailed information about the system, such as kernel name, architecture and hostname.
lsb_release -a: Displays information about the installed Debian distribution, such as version and description.
df -h: Displays the used and available disk space on all partitions of the system.
free -h: Displays the used and available RAM on the system.
adduser nombre_usuario: Creates a new user in the system.
usermod -aG grupo nombre_usuario: Adds a user to a specific group.
deluser nombre_usuario: Remove a user from the system.
addgroup nombre_grupo: Creates a new group in the system.
apt update: Updates the list of available packages in the repositories.
apt upgrade: Upgrades installed packages to the latest versions.
apt install nombre_paquete: Installs a specific package.
apt remove nombre_paquete: Uninstall a package from the system.
apt search nombre_paquete: Searches for packages related to a specific term.
systemctl status nombre_servicio: Shows the status of a service.
systemctl start nombre_servicio: Starts a service.
systemctl stop nombre_servicio: Stops a service.
systemctl restart nombre_servicio: Restart a service.
systemctl enable nombre_servicio: Enables a service to start automatically on system startup.
systemctl disable nombre_servicio: Disables a service to start automatically at system startup.
ifconfig: Displays information about the configured network interfaces.
ip addr: Displays more detailed information about the network interfaces and their IP addresses.
ping dirección_ip: Sends ICMP packets to an IP address to verify network connectivity.
nslookup nombre_host: Performs a DNS query to obtain the IP address associated with a hostname.
ls: Lists the contents of the current directory.
pwd: Displays the path to the current directory.
cd ruta_directorio: Changes to the specified directory.
mkdir nombre_directorio: Creates a new directory.
rm nombre_archivo: Deletes a file.
rm -r nombre_directorio: Removes a directory and its contents recursively.
tar -cvf archivo.tar directorio: Creates a tar archive from a directory.
tar -xvf archivo.tar: Extracts the contents of a tar archive.
gzip archivo: Compress a file in gzip format.
gunzip archivo.gz: Unzip a compressed file in gzip format.
ps: Displays a list of the processes currently running on the system.
ps aux: Displays a more detailed list of all processes in the system, including those of other users.
top: Provides a dynamic, real-time view of running processes, with regularly updated information.
htop: An enhanced version of top that displays processes in a more readable format and allows you to interact with them more easily.
kill PID: Terminates (kills) a specific process using its process identifier (PID).
killall nombre_proceso: Kill all processes with the same name. Be careful when using it, as it can stop important processes.
nice: Adjusts the priority of a process. You can use it to change the priority of a process and give it more or less system resources.
renice: Changes the priority of a running process. It is useful to adjust the priority of running processes in real time.
